Student Solutions Manual for Elementary Statistics

Description

This manual contains completely worked-out solutions for all the odd-numbered exercises in the text.

 

New and updated features

• 60% of the chapter-opening case studies are new for this edition.
• More than 35% of exercises are new, updated, or modified. This edition contains more than 2,350 high-quality exercises, which far exceeds what is found in typical introductory statistics books.
• Expanded! Warm-up Exercises: In this edition, hundreds of “warm-up” exercises have been added. These exercises provide context-free problems that allow students to concentrate solely on the relevant concepts before moving on to applied exercises.
• The WeissStats Resource Site provides an extensive array of resources for both instructors and students, including additional topics, applets, all data sets from the book in multiple formats, a procedures booklet, and technology appendixes. In addition to several new items, the site offers universal access to those items formerly included on the WeissStats CD. Refer to the table of contents for a brief list of the contents of the WeissStats site or visit the site at www.pearsonhighered.com/weiss-stats. Note: Instructor-only resources are available on the Instructor Resource Center at www.pearsonhighered.com/irc.
• Updated! The Technology Center: Includes step-by-step instructions for implementing each of three of the most popular applications—Minitab, Excel, and the TI- 83/84 Plus graphing calculators. This content is optional material, but reflects the latest software releases.
• Updated! Technology Appendixes: The appendixes for Excel, Minitab, and the TI-83/84 Plus have been updated to correspond to the latest versions of these three statistical technologies.
• Expanded! Built-in Technology Manuals guide students in using three of the most popular applications: Minitab, Excel, and the TI-83/84 Plus.
• Expanded! TI Programs created by the author allow users of the popular TI-83/84 Plus to perform additional statistical analyses with their calculators. Those programs are downloadable from the TI Programs section of the WeissStats Resource Site.

 

Content Updates

• Chebyshev’s Rule and the Empirical Rule: A new (optional) section of Chapter 3 has been added to examine Chebyshev’s rule and the empirical rule. The empirical rule is further examined in Chapter 6 when the normal distribution is discussed.
• Quartiles: The method for calculating quartiles has been modified to make it more easily accessible to students. Furthermore, a dedicated procedure that provides a step-by-step method for finding the quartiles of a data set has been included.
• Distribution Shapes: The material on distribution shapes in Section 2.4 has been significantly modified and clarified. Students will find this revised approach easier to understand and apply.
• Regression Analysis: Major improvements have been made to the chapter on Descriptive Methods in Regression and Correlation. These improvements include a comprehensive discussion of scatterplots, a simpler introduction to the least-squares criterion, and easier introductory examples for the regression equation, the sums of squares and coefficient of determination, and the linear correlation coefficient.
• Expanded! Density Curves: The discussion of density curves has been significantly expanded and now includes several examples and many more exercises.

 

Also available with MyStatLab^®

MyStatLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them absorb course material and understand difficult concepts.

 

Preface

Supplements

Technology Resources

Data Sources

 

PART I: Introduction

 

1. The Nature of Statistics

            Case Study: Top Films of All Time

1.1 Statistics Basics

1.2 Simple Random Sampling

1.3 Other Sampling Designs∗

1.4 Experimental Designs∗

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

PART II: Descriptive Statistics

 

2. Organizing Data

            Case Study: World’s Richest People

2.1 Variables and Data

2.2 Organizing Qualitative Data

2.3 Organizing Quantitative Data

2.4 Distribution Shapes

2.5 Misleading Graphs∗

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

3. Descriptive Measures

            Case Study: The Beatles’ Song Length

3.1 Measures of Center

3.2 Measures of Variation

3.3 Chebyshev’s Rule and the Empirical Rule∗

3.4 The Five-Number Summary; Boxplots

3.5 Descriptive Measures for Populations; Use of

            Samples

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

4. Descriptive Methods in Regression and Correlation

            Case Study: Healthcare: Spending and Outcomes

4.1 Linear Equations with One Independent Variable

4.2 The Regression Equation

4.3 The Coefficient of Determination

4.4 Linear Correlation

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

PART III: Probability, Random Variables, and Sampling Distributions

 

5. Probability and Random Variables

            Case Study: Texas Hold’em

5.1 Probability Basics

5.2 Events

5.3 Some Rules of Probability

5.4 Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions∗

5.5 The Mean and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable∗

5.6 The Binomial Distribution∗

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

6. The Normal Distribution

            Case Study: Chest Sizes of Scottish Militiamen

6.1 Introducing Normally Distributed Variables

6.2 Areas under the Standard Normal Curve

6.3 Working with Normally Distributed Variables

6.4 Assessing Normality; Normal Probability Plots

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

7. The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

            Case Study: The Chesapeake and Ohio Freight Study

7.1 Sampling Error; the Need for Sampling Distributions

7.2 The Mean and Standard Deviation of the Sample Mean

7.3 The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

PART IV: Inferential Statistics

 

8. Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean

            Case Study: Bank Robberies: A Statistical Analysis

8.1 Estimating a Population Mean

8.2 Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean When σ Is Known

8.3 Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean When σ Is Unknown

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

9. Hypothesis Tests for One Population Mean

            Case Study: Gender and Sense of Direction

9.1 The Nature of Hypothesis Testing

9.2 Critical-Value Approach to Hypothesis Testing

9.3 P-Value Approach to Hypothesis Testing

9.4 Hypothesis Tests for One Population Mean When σ Is Known

9.5 Hypothesis Tests for One Population Mean When σ Is Unknown

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

10. Inferences for Two Population Means

            Case Study: Dexamethasone Therapy and IQ

10.1 The Sampling Distribution of the Difference between Two Sample Means for Independent Samples

10.2 Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Independent Samples: Standard Deviations Assumed Equal

10.3 Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Independent Samples: Standard Deviations Not Assumed Equal

10.4 Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Paired Samples

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

11. Inferences for Population Proportions

            Case Study: Arrested Youths

11.1 Confidence Intervals for One Population Proportion

11.2 Hypothesis Tests for One Population Proportion

11.3 Inferences for Two Population Proportions

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

12. Chi-Square Procedures

            Case Study: Eye and Hair Color

12.1 The Chi-Square Distribution

12.2 Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

12.3 Contingency Tables; Association

12.4 Chi-Square Independence Test

12.5 Chi-Square Homogeneity Test

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

13. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

            Case Study: Self-Perception and Physical Activity

13.1 The F-Distribution

13.2 One-Way ANOVA: The Logic

13.3 One-Way ANOVA: The Procedure

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

14. Inferential Methods in Regression and Correlation

            Case Study: Shoe Size and Height

14.1 The Regression Model; Analysis of Residuals

14.2 Inferences for the Slope of the Population Regression Line

14.3 Estimation and Prediction

14.4 Inferences in Correlation

            Chapter in Review

            Review Problems

            Focusing on Data Analysis

            Case Study Discussion

            Biography

 

Appendix A: Statistical Tables

Appendix B: Answers to Selected Exercises

Index

Photo Credits

 

∗Indicates optional material.

 

Neil A. Weiss received his Ph.D. from UCLA and subsequently accepted an assistant professor position at Arizona State University (ASU), where he was ultimately promoted to the rank of full professor. Dr. Weiss has taught statistics, probability, and mathematics–from the freshman level to the advanced graduate level–for more than 30 years.

 

In recognition of his excellence in teaching, Dr. Weiss received the Dean’s Quality Teaching Award from the ASU College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. He has also been runner-up twice for the Charles Wexler Teaching Award in the ASU School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences. Dr. Weiss’s comprehensive knowledge and experience ensures that his texts are mathematically and statistically accurate, as well as pedagogically sound.

 

In addition to his numerous research publications, Dr. Weiss is the author of A Course in Probability (Addison-Wesley, 2006). He has also authored or coauthored books in finite mathematics, statistics, and real analysis, and is currently working on a new book on applied regression analysis and the analysis of variance. His texts–well known for their precision, readability, and pedagogical excellence–are used worldwide.

 

Dr. Weiss is a pioneer of the integration of statistical software into textbooks and the classroom, first providing such integration in the book Introductory Statistics (Addison-Wesley, 1982). He and Pearson Education continue that pioneering spirit to this day.

 

In his spare time, Dr. Weiss enjoys walking, studying and practicing meditation, and playing hold ’em poker. He is married and has two sons.

 

About the Book

• Real-World Examples illustrate every concept discussed in the text with detailed, compelling examples from real life.
• You Try It! exercises follow most worked examples, allowing students to immediately check their understanding by directing them to a similar exercise to solve on their own.
• Real Data Sources help students see the integration of statistics in everyday life. Neil Weiss has included carefully cited data from reputable journals, newspapers, magazines and websites.
• Helpful text features help readers make sense of the material and provide easy reference for study and review.
• Interpretation boxes explain the meaning and significance of statistical results in everyday life and highlight the importance of interpreting answers and results.
• What Does It Mean? boxes explain in plain English the meaning of definitions, formulas, and key facts. This feature also summarizes relevant discussions.
• Procedure Boxes have been enhanced to include the “why, when, and how” of the statistical methods. Each procedure box has a brief identifying title followed by a statement of its purpose (why it’s used), the assumptions for its use (when it’s used), and the steps for applying the procedure (how it’s used).
• Technology Appendixes help students use Minitab, Excel, and the TI 83/84 Plus graphing calculators. These appendixes, located on the new WeissStats Resource Site at www.pearsonhighered.com/weiss-stats, introduce the technology and methods for using it to work with data.
• Parallel Critical-Value/P-Value Approaches offer complete flexibility in the coverage of critical-value and P-value approaches to hypothesis testing. Instructors can focus on one approach or they can compare both approaches.
• Parallel Presentations of Technology: The Weiss approach offers complete flexibility in the coverage of technology, which includes options for using MINITAB^®, Excel^®, and the TI-83 and TI-84 Plus graphing calculators. One or more technologies can be explored and compared. Instructions and output for each package are included in Technology Centers throughout the book.
• NEW!  WeissStats Resource Site at www.pearsonhighered.com/weiss-stats includes applets, a procedures booklet, and an introduction to statistical technologies. Data sets are provided as text, Minitab, Excel, and TI-83/84 Plus graphing calculator list files.
• Focusing on Data Analysis sections at the end of each chapter examine the Focus Database, a database of 13 variables describing the undergraduate students at the University of Wisconsin—Eau Claire. This feature lets students work with large data sets, practice using technology, and discover the many methods of exploring and analyzing data–both descriptively and inferentially.

Also available with MyStatLab^®

MyStatLab from Pearson is the world’s leading online resource for teaching and learning statistics; integrating interactive homework, assessment, and media in a flexible, easy-to-use format. MyStatLab is a course management system that delivers proven results in helping individual students succeed.

• MyStatLab can be implemented successfully in any environment—lab-based, hybrid, fully online, traditional—and demonstrates the quantifiable difference that integrated usage has on student retention, subsequent success, and overall achievement.
• MyStatLab’s comprehensive online gradebook automatically tracks students’ results on tests, quizzes, homework, and in the study plan. Instructors can use the gradebook to provide positive feedback or intervene if students have trouble. Gradebook data can be easily exported to a variety of spreadsheet programs, such as Microsoft Excel.

MyStatLab provides engaging experiences that personalize, stimulate, and measure learning for each student. In addition to the resources below, each course includes a full interactive online version of the accompanying textbook.

• Tutorial Exercises with Multimedia Learning Aids: The homework and practice exercises in MyStatLab align with the exercises in the textbook, and most regenerate algorithmically to give students unlimited opportunity for practice and mastery. Exercises offer immediate helpful feedback, guided solutions, sample problems, animations, videos, statistical software tutorial videos and eText clips for extra help at point-of-use.
• Accessibility: MyStatLab is compatible with the JAWS screen reader, and enables multiple-choice and free-response problem-types to be read, and interacted with via keyboard controls and math notation input. MyStatLab also works with screen enlargers, including ZoomText, MAGic, and SuperNova. And all MyStatLab videos accompanying texts with copyright 2009 and later have closed captioning.  More information on this functionality is available at http://mymathlab.com/accessibility.
• StatTalk Videos: Fun-loving statistician Andrew Vickers takes to the streets of Brooklyn, NY, to demonstrate important statistical concepts through interesting stories and real-life events. This series of 24 fun and engaging videos help students actually understand statistical concepts.  Available with an instructor’s user guide and assessment questions.
• Additional Question Libraries: In addition to algorithmically regenerated questions that are aligned with your textbook, MyStatLab courses come with two additional question libraries:

• 450 exercises in Getting Ready for Statistics cover the developmental math topics students need for the course. These can be assigned as a prerequisite to other assignments, if desired.
• 1000 exercises in the Conceptual Question Library require students to apply their statistical understanding.

• StatCrunch^™: MyStatLab integrates the web-based statistical software, StatCrunch, within the online assessment platform so that students can easily analyze data sets from exercises and the text. In addition, MyStatLab includes access to www.statcrunch.com, a vibrant online community where users can access tens of thousands of shared data sets, create and conduct online surveys, perform complex analyses using the powerful statistical software, and generate compelling reports.
• Statistical Software, Support and Integration: We make it easy to copy our data sets, both from the eText and the MyStatLab questions, into software such as StatCrunch, Minitab, Excel, and more. Students have access to a variety of support tools—Technology Tutorial Videos, Technology Study Cards, and Technology Manuals for select titles—to learn how to effectively use statistical software.

And, MyStatLab comes from an experienced partner with educational expertise and an eye on the future.

• Knowing that you are using a Pearson product means knowing that you are using quality content. That means that our eTexts are accurate and our assessment tools work. It means we are committed to making MyMathLab as accessible as possible.
• Whether you are just getting started with MyStatLab, or have a question along the way, we’re here to help you learn about our technologies and how to incorporate them into your course.     

To learn more about how MyStatLab combines proven learning applications with powerful assessment, visit www.mystatlab.com or contact your Pearson representative.